SBA 504 Loan Program
What Is The SBA 504 Business Loan Program?
The SBA 504 Loan Program assists small business owners purchase commercial real estate or equipment. Partnering with a bank, the SBA loan provides up to 90% financing at below market, fixed rates of interest. NSDC has a streamlined application process, which means less paperwork and fast approvals. Pre-qualification is also available to help business owners determine if a purchase is the right step.
How Is A SBA 504 Loan Structured?
A typical purchase would be structured as follows:
Bank loan 50%
SBA 504 loan 40%
Borrower equity 10%*
*Single purpose buildings and start-up business are subject to additional borrower equity
What Are The Terms of The SBA 504 Loan?
- Maturity: 10, 20, or 25 years. (The borrower selects the term.)
- Interest rate: Fixed for the life of the loan. View our current rates.
- Collateral: Second deed of trust on the property and personal guaranty of the owners.
What Are The Terms of The Bank Loan?
- Maturity: Must be at least 10 years for buildings and 7 years for equipment. Many lenders offer 20-25 year repayment options.
- Interest rate: To be negotiated with the bank. Many lenders offer both a fixed and variable rate option.
- Collateral: First deed of trust on the property plus any other required by the bank.
What Assets Can Be Financed?
- Existing buildings: Business must occupy at least 51% of the building (may include remodeling or expansion)
- New construction: Business must occupy at least 60% of the building
- Equipment: Must have a useful life of at least 10 years
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the maximum loan amount?
There’s no cap on the project size. However, the SBA restricts its contribution to $5 million.
How long is the approval process?
Generally, it’s between 30 to 60 days. We offer a swift pre-qualification within about three days after receiving limited financial data.
Can I refinance an existing loan?
Absolutely, under specific conditions. It’s advisable to consult one of our loan experts for detailed insights.
What about the fees?
There are charges, including a 2.65% SBA fee of the loan’s SBA portion, plus an SBA-designated attorney’s fee for reviewing the loan package. Notably, all SBA fees can be financed.
What are the eligibility criteria for businesses applying for an SBA 504 loan?
Eligibility for an SBA 504 loan requires a business to operate for-profit in the United States, have a tangible net worth of less than $20 million, and an average net income of less than $6.5 million after federal income taxes for the preceding two years prior to application. The project being financed must also promote business growth and job creation.
How do SBA 504 loans differ from SBA 7a loans in terms of benefits and limitations?
SBA 504 loans are specifically intended for major fixed asset purchases, such as real estate or equipment, while SBA 7a loans have a broader range of uses including working capital and inventory. Benefits of the SBA 504 program include lower down payments and fixed interest rates, whereas SBA 7a loans offer greater flexibility in terms of loan amount and usage but may have variable rates.
What are the current interest rates and associated fees for SBA 504 loans?
The interest rates for SBA 504 loans are fixed and typically below-market, as they are bonds sold to investors. Fees may include processing fees, servicing fees, and a guarantee fee, and these contribute to the overall cost of the loan but are commonly rolled into the loan principal.
How does a startup qualify for an SBA 504 loan, and what are the special considerations?
Startups less than two years old may qualify for SBA 504 loans but are often subject to special requirements such as a larger equity contribution from the owner, which could be about 15% to 20%. A strong business plan and management experience are important factors in approval for startups.
What types of real estate purchases are eligible for financing through the SBA 504 program?
Financing through the SBA 504 program is eligible for real estate purchases that involve owner-occupied commercial property. This means that the borrower must occupy at least 51% of the property for existing buildings or 60% for new constructions, with plans to occupy a majority of the space over time.
What constitutes a good Debt Service Coverage Ratio for an SBA 504 loan?
A good DSCR for an SBA 504 loan is typically above 1.25x. This indicates that the borrowing entity generates sufficient income to cover its debt payments by a margin that is considered safe by lenders.
How does Debt Service Coverage Ratio affect eligibility for SBA 504 loans?
The DSCR is a key determinant of eligibility for SBA 504 loans. If your DSCR is below a lender’s required minimum, usually around 1.25x, your loan application might not be approved because it suggests a higher risk of default.
What is the process for calculating the Debt Service Coverage Ratio for SBA 504 financing?
To calculate the DSCR for SBA 504 financing, divide your business’s annual net operating income by its total annual debt service (the total amount of principal and interest payments for the year). A DSCR higher than one means your business earns more income than its total debt payments.
In what way is debt service in real estate impacted by the SBA 504 loan program?
The SBA 504 loan program, often used for real estate financing, requires a DSCR that reflects the property’s ability to generate enough rental income to exceed its debt service, ensuring the loan is secure and the project is viable.
How critical is the Debt Service Coverage Ratio in the approval process of SBA loans?
The DSCR is one of the most critical financial metrics in the SBA loan approval process. It helps lenders assess the financial health of a business and its ability to repay the loan, significantly influencing the decision to extend credit.
How critical is the Debt Service Coverage Ratio in the approval process of SBA loans?
The DSCR is one of the most critical financial metrics in the SBA loan approval process. It helps lenders assess the financial health of a business and its ability to repay the loan, significantly influencing the decision to extend credit.
Aside from Debt Service Coverage Ratio, what other financial metrics are crucial for securing an SBA 504 loan?
While DSCR is pivotal, lenders also consider other financial metrics, such as loan-to-value ratio, credit history, profitability, and cash flow, when evaluating eligibility for an SBA 504 loan. These metrics give a comprehensive view of a borrower’s financial position.
What are the conditions under which a personal guarantee is required for an SBA 504 loan?
A personal guarantee is typically mandatory for all owners of 20% or more of the borrowing entity when obtaining an SBA 504 loan. This ensures that these key owners are personally liable for loan repayment in the event of a default.
How does a personal guarantee affect the risk and terms of an SBA 504 loan?
A personal guarantee reduces risk for lenders, as it provides an additional layer of security.
Can an SBA 504 loan be obtained without a personal guarantee under certain circumstances?
In most cases, an SBA 504 loan requires a personal guarantee.
What are the implications for a borrower if the SBA enforces a personal guarantee on a 504 loan?
If a borrower defaults on a 504 loan with a personal guarantee in place, the SBA can pursue the personal assets of the guarantor to recoup the loan amount. This can include personal savings, real estate, or other valuable assets.
How do personal guarantees for SBA 504 loans differ from those required for other types of SBA loans?
While personal guarantees are a standard requirement across various SBA loan programs, the specific terms and conditions may vary. For instance, SBA 7(a) loans may have different guarantee requirements or percentages based on the loan size and borrower qualifications.
Are there any exceptions to the requirement of a personal guarantee for SBA disaster loans compared to 504 loans?
SBA disaster loans may have different requirements regarding personal guarantees. Depending on the loan amount and the borrower’s financial situation, the SBA may waive the personal guarantee for loans under a certain threshold, which is generally not the case with 504 loans.
What are the eligibility criteria for refinancing with an SBA 504 loan?
To be eligible for refinancing with an SBA 504 loan, businesses must be for-profit and fall within the size standards set by the SBA. The asset to be refinanced should be 51% owner-occupied for existing buildings or facilities, and the project refinanced must benefit the business and help preserve jobs.
How do SBA 504 refinance rates compare to conventional loan rates?
SBA 504 refinance rates typically offer below-market, fixed interest rates, which can be more favorable than conventional loan rates. These rates are set when the SBA loan funds.
What expenses can be covered when refinancing with an SBA 504 loan?
An SBA 504 loan refinance can cover several expenses including existing mortgage debt, appraisals, environmental reports, fees, and closing costs. It cannot be used for working capital, inventory, or consolidating debt that is not secured by fixed assets.
What is the maximum loan amount for an SBA 504 refinance?
The maximum loan amount for an SBA 504 refinance can go up to $5 million for most projects. However, certain energy-efficient or manufacturing projects may qualify for a higher limit of $5.5 million.
Are there prepayment penalties associated with SBA 504 loan refinancing?
SBA 504 loans typically include a prepayment penalty that decreases over a 10-year period for a 20-year loan and a 25-year loan. The penalty is highest in the first year and decreases incrementally each year thereafter.
What is the process for applying for an SBA 504 loan refinance?
Applying for an SBA 504 Loan is as easy as applying for a conventional bank loan. There are only a couple of additional documents required by SBA that are not used by any bank. All other information is shared between NSDC and the bank of your choice. To apply for a loan, first contact one of the following NSDC staff members to discuss your options.
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